Gypsum stacks, fluoride and a reserve held by one country
What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.
Corrosive. Main environmental risks are phosphogypsum stacks (radium, fluoride, acidic water) and fluoride emissions.
Main rules
Where
Rule
Effect
EU
Fertilising Products Regulation 2019/1009: cadmium limit 60 mg per kg P2O5
Favours low-cadmium acid from igneous rock
EU
Phosphate rock and phosphorus on the EU Critical Raw Materials list (2023)
Supply security policies
US
EPA NESHAP Subpart R for phosphogypsum stacks (radon)
Restricts use and stacking of phosphogypsum
India
Rule
Effect
Fertiliser (Control) Order 1985 and Nutrient Based Subsidy (Department of Fertilizers)
Sets fertiliser grades and subsidy; shapes acid imports
CPCB guidelines for phosphogypsum management
Rules on stacking and use in cement and agriculture
MSIHC Rules 1989
Hazardous chemical storage rules
Trade measures
Chinese export quotas on phosphate fertilisers
EU CBAM covers fertilisers from 2026
No anti-dumping duties on phosphoric acid found
Supply risk
Rock is concentrated (Morocco holds 68% of reserves) and the 2026 crisis showed acid also depends on Gulf sulphur. India's dependence on imported acid, rock and sulphur is a food-security issue.