Phosphoric acid: Production
Where 8 Mt of new phosphate capacity is coming
What this tab covers Who makes it and how much: world capacity and output, utilisation, the top producing countries and companies globally and in India, concentration, new capacity coming, and each region's position.| Measure | Figure | Detail | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| World capacity | 63.7 Mt P2O5 world phosphate capacity (2025), rising to 71.7 Mt by 2029 | USGS reports capacity on a P2O5 basis across products; acid-specific capacity is not separated. | USGS MCS 2026 |
| World output | about 45 Mt P2O5 (2025, indicative) | World P2O5 used in fertiliser was 47.8 Mt; most goes through wet-process acid. | USGS MCS 2026 (indicative derivation) |
| Capacity utilisation | about 75% of world phosphate capacity (2025, derived) | 47.8 Mt against 63.7 Mt; Nutrien ran its phosphate plants at 80% in 2025; Mosaic cut US output by about 2 Mt in 2026 on sulphur costs. | Phosphate tile (USGS; Nutrien 2025 MD&A); Hellenic Shipping News (2026) |
| Concentration | China about 44% of rock; top 3 (China, Morocco, US) about 66% (2025, proxy) | Shares are of phosphate rock, used as a proxy because acid output by country is not published. Morocco holds 68% of world reserves. OCP dominates the merchant acid trade. | USGS MCS 2026 |
| New capacity | 8 Mt P2O5 of new world capacity by 2029 (USGS) | Expansions in Brazil, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco and Russia by 2028; new mines in Canada, Congo, Guinea-Bissau and Senegal after 2028; Coromandel's 650 t/day Kakinada acid plant (FY26). | USGS MCS 2026; Coromandel FY26 |
Top producing countries
China 44% · 110 Mt rock (2025); largest acid producer Morocco 14% · 36 Mt rock (2025); largest merchant acid exporter (OCP) United States 8% · 20 Mt rock (2025) Russia 5.6% · 14 Mt rock (2025) Jordan 4.8% · 12 Mt rock (2025); JPMC sells acid to India Saudi Arabia 4% · 10 Mt rock (2025) USGS MCS 2026 (rock output used as proxy); USGS MCS 2026 (proxy); USGS MCS 2026 (proxy); Argus (2026)Largest producers: global
| Company | Country | Volume | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OCP Group Largest merchant acid seller; joint ventures with Indian buyers | Morocco | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
| The Mosaic Company Cut phosphate output by about 2 Mt in 2026 | US | not published | 2026 | Hellenic Shipping News (2026) |
| Ma'aden Integrated rock, acid and DAP | Saudi Arabia | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
| PhosAgro Igneous apatite, low cadmium | Russia | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
| Jordan Phosphate Mines Company (JPMC) Settled Q2 and Q3 2026 contracts with Coromandel | Jordan | not published | 2026 | Argus (2026) |
| Nutrien Settled Q1 2026 contract with Coromandel | Canada | not published | 2026 | Fertilizer Daily (2026) |
| Yuntianhua Largest Chinese phosphate producer (indicative) | China | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
Largest producers: India
| Company | Country | Volume | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coromandel International Added a 650 t/day phosphoric acid plant at Kakinada; also a leading acid importer | India | not published | 2026 | Coromandel FY26 results via phosphate tile |
| Paradeep Phosphates Acid and DAP at Paradip | India | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
| IFFCO Paradeep complex; JV acid supply from Jordan and Senegal (indicative) | India | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
| Hindalco (Dahej) Uses copper smelter acid | India | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
| GSFC Sikka and Vadodara phosphate units | India | not published | 2025 | not published in sources used |
India has little phosphate rock and imports rock (40.4% of world rock import value in 2024), acid and DAP. It is the largest buyer of merchant acid (36.5% of world import value in 2024, UN Comtrade), through quarterly contracts with OCP, JPMC, Nutrien and others, and through overseas joint ventures.
Position by region
| Region | Position |
|---|---|
| US | Mosaic and Nutrien integrate rock and acid; US recovered 45 kt FSA from three acid plants in 2025 (USGS). |
| EU | Few acid plants remain; imports low-cadmium acid and fertiliser to meet the 60 mg Cd/kg P2O5 limit. |
| India | Largest merchant acid importer; contract prices rose 32% from Q1 to Q3 2026. |
| China | Largest producer; export quotas on phosphate fertilisers shape world supply; growing LFP demand for purified acid. |
| Japan | Small; imports purified acid. |
| Middle East | Ma'aden and JPMC are large exporters; Gulf shipping risk hit sulphur and ammonia inputs in 2026. |