Palm oil: Production
How two countries came to make four-fifths of it
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.World output was 79.6 Mt in 2023, nearly seven times the 11.4 Mt of 1990 (FAOSTAT). Indonesia produced 59.2% and Malaysia 23.3%, so two countries supply over four-fifths. The HHI of 4077 means highly concentrated, among the highest of any farm commodity. Thailand, Colombia, Nigeria and Guatemala follow far behind. Growth has slowed since 2020, as replanting lags, land expansion is restricted and labour is short. Large integrated firms such as Wilmar and Olam own plantations and the mills on them (Pirrong, pdf pp. 46-47).
Palm oil · FAOSTAT
Chart: World production of Palm oil
World production, tonnes. Hover for values.Top producers 2023
Indonesia 59.2% Malaysia 23.3% Thailand 4.2% Colombia 2.3% Nigeria 1.8% Guatemala 1.2% Papua New Guinea 1.0% Honduras 0.8% Concentration: HHI 4,077, highly concentrated.Largest producers by company, global
- Wilmar International: 26.4 Mt tropical oils sales volume (own CPO output 1.52 Mt) (2025)
- Golden Agri-Resources (Sinar Mas): 2.19 Mt CPO produced (2.77 Mt palm products); 11.9 Mt sales volume (2025)
- SD Guthrie (formerly Sime Darby Plantation): 2.29 Mt FFB in Q4 2025 only; full-year FFB rose 1% but the total was not found (2025)
- PT Agrinas Palma Nusantara: 1.7 million ha of seized plantations handed over by the Forest Area Control Task Force (2025)
Largest producers by company, India
- AWL Agri Business (formerly Adani Wilmar; Wilmar consolidated it from 4Q2025): 5.5 Mt a year refining capacity; 2.98 Mt edible oil sold in 9M FY25; 6.8 Mt total sales volume in FY2026 (FY2025-FY2026)
- Patanjali Foods (formerly Ruchi Soya): 110,722 ha under oil palm cultivation (FY2026)