How export licences on resist became a diplomatic weapon
What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.
Hazards
Classification
UN number
Key risks
flammable liquid (solvent); some components skin sensitisers or reproductive toxicants (indicative)
Export licensing for EUV resists (2019 Korea episode)
strategic leverage
US
Export controls on advanced chip technology to China (indicative)
limits Chinese access to leading-edge materials
India
Rule
Effect
Semicon India Programme and Semicon 2.0 (Rs 1,27,500 crore, about $13-15 billion, approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2026) with incentives for speciality materials
could fund local resist formulation
Petroleum Rules 2002 and MSIHC Rules for solvent storage (indicative)
licensing for flammable solvents
Trade measures
Japanese export licensing (2019)
US chip export controls affect Chinese demand
Supply risk
Very high concentration in a few Japanese firms for ArF and EUV resists; the 2026 naphtha shock showed upstream risk. Not on mineral critical lists but treated as strategic by Japan, Korea and China.