Gallium: Production
A near-perfect monopoly, measured
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.World Mining Data shows output more than tripling from 304 t in 2020 to 987 t in 2024. China supplied 98.7%, with Russia, Japan and South Korea sharing the rest. An HHI of 9,739 is close to a pure monopoly. USGS gives lower figures, 848 t in 2024 and 900 t in 2025, but agrees China makes 99%. Others have quit. Germany, Hungary and Kazakhstan stopped primary production between 2013 and 2016, and Ukraine probably did so in 2022. China's position rests on its very large alumina industry.
Gallium · WMD
2020 304 2021 431 2022 616 2023 713 2024 987 World production, tonnes (World Mining Data 2026).Top producers 2024
China 98.7% Russia 0.7% Japan 0.3% Korea, South 0.3% Concentration: HHI 9,739, highly concentrated.USGS estimate
World, 2024 848,000 kilograms, gallium content (primary low-purity production) World, 2025e 900,000 kilograms, gallium content (primary low-purity production)Largest producers by company, global
- Aluminum Corporation of China (Chalco/Chinalco): 146 t Ga (capacity 200 t/yr) (2022)
- Beijing Jiya Semiconductor Material: 60 t/yr capacity (about 20% of China's output) (2019)
- Alcoa (with Sojitz/JAGA, US and Australian governments): 100 t/yr planned capacity (2026 (FID and production targeted))
- Metlen Energy and Metals: 50 t/yr planned capacity (25% contracted to a US tech firm) (2027-2028 start)